We already did this unintentionally during our natural evolution. All we really got out of it were a group of humans who can run slightly faster on average, and a group of humans who can drink milk as adults without shitting themselves.
I imagine the timeframe to get any noticable results would be in the thousands of years, even with deliberate selection for specific genes.
If it is earmarked for purely defensive equipment, it still indirectly funds their genocide by freeing up other money for it.