There is no difference whatsoever how your body processes it. Both are sugar.
Others have pretty much covered it, but "raw" can be made by literally taking it out of the refining process "earlier" where stuff is still in it.
Or, more hilariously, by taking white sugar and adding molasses back. Like the irony of "pulpy" orange juice - it's not less processed, they just add pulp back to it at the end.
I'm 40, and when I first opened the image, I was overwhelmed with how hilariously gay it looked. But not in a bad way - almost at if it were made unironically for lgbtq.
The other person that replied to you with a lengthy list is spot on.