this post was submitted on 03 Oct 2024
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UPS Recommendations (lemmy.world)
submitted 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago) by Tinnitus@lemmy.world to c/selfhosted@lemmy.world
27 comments fedilink hide all child comments
 

I know this is more hardware related, so please let me know if I should move this post elsewhere.

I built my first server earlier this year, and put buying a UPS on the back burner. Unfortunately for me, this might have already been my biggest mistake since going down this rabbit hole. The rental I’ll be in for at least another 10 months has some questionable wiring (a lot of rooms/outlets wired to the same breaker), which I believe has created some electrical anomalies and possibly killed some of my computer components. The memory on my PC went first, and now the 7-month-old PSU on my server is toast.

Bear in mind, I am not an electrician, so I could be entirely wrong on why this has happened. Regardless, it's time I invest in a UPS. I have searched forums, blogs, YouTube, and cannot find consistent pros and cons for any of the big manufacturers. It seems like APC and CyberPower are the two big consumer grade manufacturers, which is probably what I should be looking at.

Here is what my server currently consists of:

Type Item Notes
CPU Intel Core i3-10100
CPU Cooler Thermalright Peerless Assassin
Motherboard MSI MAG B560M
Memory Corsair Vengeance LPX 32 GB (2 x 16 GB) DDR4-2666 CL16 Memory
Storage Crucial P3 1 TB NVME SSD X2
Storage Hitachi Ultrastar He12 12 TB HDD
Storage Western Digital Ultrastar DC HC520 12 TB HDD X2
Case Fractal Design Define 7
Power Supply be quiet! Pure Power 12 M 550 Replacement until I finish the RMA process on the dead power supply.
OS Unraid
Estimated Wattage 238W I have not tested this personally, but I will say the server is never really being stressed all that much.

Any recommendations would be greatly appreciated!

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[–] thayerw@lemmy.ca 17 points 1 month ago (1 children)

Despite some of the comments here, I suggest that you don't overthink it; just buy an APC Back-UPS 600VA and be done with it. You have relatively low power requirements. The UPS will provide some surge protection (490J), several minutes of uptime, and a USB connection for automated shutdown.

The 600VA unit is less than $100 USD and replacement batteries are about half that. I've been using several of this same model for years without issue and we have many brown/blackouts being in a rural BC community. The batteries have lasted me 4-5 years.

You can always plan for something more significant down the road, if your hardware or needs change, but this should do fine in the interim.

[–] realbadat@programming.dev 2 points 1 month ago

@Tinnitus@lemmy.world, this is the answer.

The important part is that its giving clean power to your hardware, and it only needs to last long enough to shut down nicely. Batteries in these units are usually just car or wheelchair batteries, so you can get them cheaper just as a regular battery too.

You can also grab an older UPS with a crapped out battery for cheap and swap the battery. Last time I did that I got the UPS for $10 (local pickup) and put a new battery in for $20 from Lowes. Battery is still solid, its been about 5 years for that one.

[–] mipadaitu@lemmy.world 11 points 1 month ago (2 children)

I've been running a pair of cyberpower systems for over a decade. I had to replace the battery in each of them once, but they've been working great.

I assume newer ones use some sort of Li-Ion battery tech, but mine are just plain old Lead Acid.

[–] altima_neo@lemmy.zip 5 points 1 month ago

Nah they're still lead acid. They seem to be robust and cheap.

[–] JustEnoughDucks@feddit.nl 1 points 1 month ago

Maybe soon sodium ion!

Higher cycle counts, reduced capacity, but also not dangerous.

[–] SuperiorOne@lemmy.ml 8 points 1 month ago (1 children)

I have a APC Back-UPS 1600VA. It powers two desktop PC/Server, a monitor, and router. So far, it gets the job done.

The biggest downside is; battery is not user replaceable, at least it's not straight forward like the other models. If possible, prefer a UPS with the easy battery replacement option.

[–] RegalPotoo@lemmy.world 6 points 1 month ago

Yup, this - batteries are consumables. They have a service life of ~2-5 years depending on load. If the manual doesn't tell you how to replace them then it's basically ewaste already

[–] catloaf@lemm.ee 7 points 1 month ago (2 children)

APC is cheap garbage.

If you are concerned about the power quality causing damage, you want an online or double-conversion UPS. Those ones don't even bother trying to condition power, they run off the battery all the time.

I don't have a whole lot of experience, but Eaton has been reliable. People also recommend Tripp-Lite and Cyberpower but they've always seemed cheap to me.

[–] MystikIncarnate@lemmy.ca 4 points 1 month ago

APC makes low end offline UPS units, which are cheap garbage.

They also make line interactive and online ups units, which are decidedly not completely garbage.

I pick up line interactive APC units from used locations like eBay, and go buy off label replacement batteries. Haven't had any problems with them so far.

To date, over the last ~10 years of running a homelab, I have used mainly SMT 1500 units, one was a rack mount. I've recently upgraded to an SMX2000. I've replaced batteries, but never a UPS, and never any server components due to power issues. I've run servers ranging from a Dell PE 2950, to a full c6100 chassis, plus several networking devices, including firewalls, routers and PoE switches. Not a single power related issue with any of them.

[–] altima_neo@lemmy.zip 1 points 1 month ago

Tripp-Lite is owned by Eaton though

[–] variants@possumpat.io 3 points 1 month ago (1 children)

Keep an eye on woot.com they have open box stuff all the time for decent discounts

[–] InverseParallax@lemmy.world 3 points 1 month ago (1 children)

They have deals on fire extinguishers too.

[–] variants@possumpat.io 2 points 1 month ago

Haha the one I got was like 300 bucks off and when I plugged it in it had 0 hours on it so it was brand new. Been running fine for almost 3 years now. It cane with the warranty and free one year of their online service thing

[–] aard@kyu.de 3 points 1 month ago

If you can afford it see if Eaton has a smaller tower UPS suitable for you.

[–] lnxtx@feddit.nl 1 points 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago)

I have 5 300 VA units, 2x cheap brand, 2x CyberPower, 1x Eaton.
I think 2 of them don't have a transformer.

Does it matter? All have a 9 Ah 12 V battery.
It will last few to 20 minutes maybe.
No issues so far (battery capacity loss excluded).

Recently, as someone recommends, all batteries are outside of UPS enclosure,
lower temperature. Which could affect battery lifetime.

More power, more money 👀

[–] notgold@aussie.zone -1 points 1 month ago (2 children)

Build your own just for fun. That's homelab style

[–] lnxtx@feddit.nl 15 points 1 month ago

I will not recommend it if you don't have enough experience.

Fire hazard.

[–] zer0squar3d@lemmy.dbzer0.com 2 points 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago)

Yeah no, line voltage will kill you if you don't know what you are doing, not to mention the fire hazard as was mentioned. The 12/24 volt used in computer systems much easier to mess around and not 'find out' other than maybe a fried component. Unless you are an electrician/ electrical engineer with proper training don't open/mess with Power Supply Unit (PSU) or UPS.

One mod anyone could do is swap their lead acid for a LiFePO4. You just need to make sure the same voltage,battery quantity (larger backups often have 2 batteries in a series) and the battery dimensions are the same. They should be drop in replacements and do last longer.

That being said, I myself, do have training and if you want to waste your time I probably would mod some UPS with a car battery for longer down time support. Watched a YouTube video of a person do it to find the pitfalls for me and the issue is heat as it's not expected to run off battery + inverter for longer than the smaller battery normally allows it maybe 5 minutes compared to like 1 hour, so several fans and heat sinks on critical components would be needed adding minor complexity and planning.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com -2 points 1 month ago (1 children)

It doesn't sound like you need a UPS. It sounds like you needed automatic voltage regulator.

It'll condition the power so it's clean, and if it's not clean it'll cut the power off.

Many good UPS's have a voltage regulator built in, but then you have the hassle the battery and everything. Up to you depends on what's easier to find for you locally

[–] just_another_person@lemmy.world 5 points 1 month ago (2 children)

UPS does this already. It's safer with a battery for a number of reasons if faulty wiring is a concern.

[–] MystikIncarnate@lemmy.ca 1 points 1 month ago

Depends on the UPS. Many cheap offline UPS units don't. Anything line interactive or online will.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 1 points 1 month ago (1 children)

oh interesting, what reasons make the ups safer?

[–] just_another_person@lemmy.world 2 points 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago) (1 children)

So I'll just speak very generally, and assume you mean power conditioner, because generally a PCU does the VRU stuff, but not always the reverse.

So let's say you plug a VRU into a faulty socket: the regulator will only power up the passthrough port when it has the input source stabilized to meet whatever it's conditions are, and then it provides power - cool. What happens when that faulty wiring starts flipping on and off super fast, or has a drain for more than 5 seconds that doesn't meet the line input conditions? Dead output.

Now let's say we plug in a UPS which has all of the above features, but the wiring goes to fault - UPS beeps and provides power from the battery. No loss in power, and the server isn't going down and rebooting many times throughout the day.

Anecdotally (meaning I've seen this hundreds of times live, but never seen a study), a UPS can take a LOT more punishment from power SURGES like lightning strikes, which I would be concerned about if the wiring is also faulty. There may be no proper grounding or surge protection in the building he's describing if the power is this bad.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 0 points 1 month ago (2 children)

PCU: power conditioner unit?

VRU: voltage regulator unit?

While the UPS does have lots of upside, there are some downsides to consider:

Battery is a consumable, off gas venting, perhaps active cooling fan noise

[–] RaccoonBall@lemm.ee 4 points 1 month ago

Small ups systems use sealed lead acid so venting isn't a concern

[–] just_another_person@lemmy.world 3 points 1 month ago (1 children)

Yes to the acronyms.

I've not heard of any "gas venting" for these small batteries, but maybe I'm not up to speed on that.

As far as active cooling fans, that would only be while on battery, not a constant thing. In the case of just preventing line faults from flipping the current on and off, only a battery will prevent that and stop damage to a PSU.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 1 points 1 month ago

most AVR, automatic voltage regulators, won't allow for rapid switching on and off.

Actively cooled UPSes, especially the ones that do more active double conversions, absolutely always have the fan on.