One of the commonly-referenced triumphs of the USSR is their commanding lead throughout most of the Space Race - first launched satellite, first man in space, first woman in space, first rover on Mars, etc. And that's with half the economy of the US - as the saying goes, feudalism to space age in forty years.
But I'm not here to discuss the past. I'm here to discuss the present and the future - unfortunately, one in which the USSR no longer exists. What do we think of space exploration and eventually colonization before the next revolution?
First, on colonization. On Earth, the problem with colonization is that there are people already living there. On Mars, on Europa, on the Moon, finding current intelligent life is unlikely. (It's not impossible, but I doubt it, as do most scientists. If intelligent life is discovered, ) And in a case where there is no intelligent life already there to repress, kill, and steal land from, colonialism is not necessarily a bad thing.
The exploration of space is almost inarguably a good thing. The best argument I've heard about it is that it draws resources away from Earth. Which, under a liberal view, is a valid argument. However, neither the government nor the capital-holders will contribute their capital to anything useful for the workers.
Regardless, space exploration is nearly always useful. It expands our understanding of the greater universe at very little cost to workers. Space colonization, however, is far less clear-cut.
(A note here: A manned mission to Mars is possible as of 2005. Building a liveable city on Mars is possible within a few decades if we dedicate ourselves to it. Terraforming Mars, with our current level of technology, is also possible, but would take approximately a thousand years. For more information, see The Case for Mars, by Robert Zubrin. As such, most of this post will be focused on the impact of Martian colonies.)
A common metaphor for the Cold War is a map in which countries turn red and blue. Nowadays, the capitalists have mostly won - China and Cuba remain holdouts, but until the next revolution, the map of Earth is mostly blue.
There's another planet out there. The Red Planet. Turning the Red Planet blue would be a major victory for any capitalist nation. And in any future where the only surviving governments are competing capitalists, it would also represent a major triumph over other capitalists, which makes it likely that colonization of space will eventually happen. The wealth from their colonies in the New World made Spain one of the richest powers in Europe - there is no reason to think anything will be different.
Colonization of space by a capitalist power would likely change the balance of power significantly in favour of that capitalist state, and in favour of capitalism in general.
Some would argue that the colonies open up a new battleground for the revolution. "No rich person would move to Mars, so it makes a prime ground for revolution."
Earth's bourgeoise will not move to Mars. However, there will likely be a bourgeoise class homegrown on Mars.
This avoids the biggest problem, however. A Martian colony will not be self-sustaining for centuries. If Mars and only Mars were to revolt, creating a truly "Red Planet," they would immediately be embargoed by ever capitalist country on Earth. Such embargoes are quite effective on Earth, where we do not require advanced technology to survive. Martian colonies for centuries will be reliant on Earth for advanced machinery, which makes any solely Martian revolution destined to fail.
If, however, a revolution begins on Earth and then spreads to Mars, surely the Earthen country could support a Martian colony? This method of revolution has been done before - notably, the relations between the Soviet Union and Cuba. And yes, this would likely work. If an established socialist country were to support a revolution on Mars, that revolution would have a chance at succeeding.
However, this leads to no benefit of a capitalist colony on Mars. It becomes simply another capitalist government that needs overthrowing. The far simpler and better solution would be to first revolt on Earth and to leave the building of colonies for a socialist government.