sudo machinectl login the-user@localhost
That will handle all the PAM stuff as if you actually logged in.
this post was submitted on 26 Nov 2023
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You can also ssh into localhost as the user if you have that set up
It is the same as with all logins: It goes through the Pluggable Authentication Modules. So you need a service that uses PAM (they basically all do for a long time now) and the configuration of that service needs to include homed as an option to authenticate users. Check /etc/pam.d for the config files.
Actually, I suspect 'login' refers to init and logind,
Back to the wiki to find out the steps during late userspace..
Try using doas maybe