this post was submitted on 28 Nov 2023
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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First off, I want to make it clear that the distro doesn't really matter. Different distros are just what it comes pre-packed with by default.
TLDR:
For something easy to use: Linux Mint
For something that has pre-installed audio software (but maybe not the ones you want): Ubuntu Studio
If you want to build your system from scratch: Debian (or Arch if you want the latest and greatest software, and don't mind the occasional update breaking your system around once a year or so, and needing to spend an hour fixing it)
Regardless of which distro you get, use JACK or PipeWire for your sound server. PulseAudio (on its own) has too much latency.
More details:
I first tried Ubuntu Studio. It comes with a lot of software related to audio production. But I found it to be insanely slow, and it didn't even come with Reaper anyway.
I tried OpenSUSE because I liked that it had the option to manually deselect the software you don't want (and I was too much of a beginner to know how to pick my packages from the ground-up). It worked well.
Eventually I moved to Debian. I didn't want any of the extra fluff and found it was pretty easy to choose everything myself. One thing that's important is that you don't want to use PulseAudio. Either use JACK (which I think needs to be used in conjunction with PulseAudio actually) or use PipeWire, which is what I use.
For any Windows software, use Bottles to emulate them on Linux. I actually ended up needing to go back to windows because of one audio software: Wwise. There was no way of running it in Linux. A VM probably would've worked, but that would've been a massive hassle for how I'd need to use it.
Free Linux VSTs: https://vital.audio/ https://lsp-plug.in/ https://github.com/TukanStudios/TUKAN_STUDIOS_PLUGINS
Paid Linux VSTs: https://www.acmt.co.uk/products/index.html https://librewave.com/ https://www.audiodamage.com/collections
As an aside, distro doesn't matter but should make sure realtime is set up properly for the optimal latency. That usually requires the linux-rt kernel. The default one isn't quite as bad as it used to be, but linux-rt will be able to guarantee low latency processing without dropouts. Also worth tuning/hardcoding latencies in JACK or PipeWire if the audio delay is too big out of the box.
Thank you for your input and experience. I'll go with Debian then. With that I'll have a project that seems to be fun. How is the latency on Linux?
I didn't get to spend too too much time doing pro audio on linux because as soon as I realized Wwise will not work, I didn't spend much more time in Reaper after that. But it was good, especially with an audio interface (if you're buying an audio interface, check to see how well it works with linux. Apparently some may have issues)
By the way, the whole point of Debian is that it has older software, and in exchange you're almost guaranteed to have a system that doesn't break. But for some professional software you'll want the newest version. I recommend using Flatpak for that stuff instead of Apt (like for Reaper)
When installing Debian, when it asks "Allow login as root?" be sure to select "no". This one step is why some people don't recommend Debian, saying it complicates the install process. But if you get that right, then you're all good. Or I think sometimes it will instead ask you to create and type in a root password, in which case you should leave it blank and click next. You only want to make a password for your user, not for the root.
Be aware that there’s a Linux Mint Debian Edition if you want a Debian base with a few QoL improvements.
Those Tukan plugins are not VSTs, they are reaper specific plugins.
I have no idea about Bottles but most people use yabridge these days which is really easy to use and works very well.