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Only a few of these - “comer o pão que o diabo amassou”, "vai ver se estou na esquina" - are used in Portugal, so they're mostly used in Brasil.
The language hasn't drifted all that much in between both countries during the last couple of hundred years but expressions seem to tend to be the first to drift away.
It also seems to me that expressions drift away faster than other aspects of the language. Perhaps due to their casual nature, or due to context. And they're often extremely local, too - for example, I've heard nordestinos using "sacrifício de mundo" (lit. world sacrifice) to refer to difficult things, while folks here in Paraná practically never do it. While saying that something is "uma vaca no milharal" (a cow in the corn farm - wrecking everything with no regards or reason) usually outs the person as from a rural background.
For speakers from Portugal there's an additional weird expression: pila is used here in Paraná as a completely innocent word for money, e.g. "dois pila" two bucks. (In PT I believe that it's used as a slang for dick.)
You are correct on the pila thing, though it's old fashioned and kinda children's language.
Funilly enough and if I remember it correctly, a pila is a kind of throwable spear from the Roman times.
You might be into something here. The spear is pilum, and Portuguese reborrowed it as pilo. However Portuguese used to repurpose the gender change for specific types of something, specially for Latin neuter words: see ovo/ova, casco/casca, jarro/jarra, barco/barca. It's possible that the slang appeared this way, with people referring to their dicks as a type of spear. (It's kind of childish but fairly common; c.f. caralho from caraculum "small mast")
There's also another Latin pila meaning mortar, but it got inherited by Portuguese as pia "sink".
(IIRC pila-as-money is from a politician, Raul Pilla.)