dragontamer

joined 1 year ago
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[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world 1 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

Again, try to be a bit more level headed.

Rich.

Tell this community to fuck off with their replies and down votes. I'm the only one speaking reason in a sea of dumbasses and you are trying to ping me for being unreasonable in the face of 20+ messages pinging me.

It's a dog pile. I know these happen on the internet, but how about you recognize a dogpile and instead be a bit less accusatory (You’re getting emotional over something) under these circumstances.

I'm sorry I care about truth here. And your level of technicalities in the face of this is rich given the circumstances.


I'm not even saying Walz did bad or that anything was harmful to Harris. I'm simply pointing out that the Republicans are much happier with this debate than the liberals realize and y'all need to start becoming aware of the underlying problem with the meta-discussion.

If you are just cheering one side without thinking of the greater political story or the place our little discussion hasnin the world of political issues, you will be too ignorant to truly make lasting change.

Part of that is being honest about the performance of politicians on widely watched debates, and understanding the image projected upon your political opposition.

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world -1 points 1 day ago (3 children)

JD Vance went +19% on favorability.

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world 0 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Polls aren't subjective. It's just asking a question, recording the stats and then publishing some graphs.

Yeah they can be fucked with, but WashPo, CBS and CNN aren't some right wing bullshit site who lies about results.

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world 0 points 2 days ago (3 children)

WashPo, CBS and CNN reports JD Vance won the debate in quick polls of swing state voters post debate.

Cope harder. There is simple truth on this issue and I'll continue to speak the truth here.

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world 1 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Lefties pretending that MAGA goes away after the election are fucking dumb. It won't go away on its own and we need to work political strategies to counter it.

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world 0 points 2 days ago (1 children)

JD Vance is like +19 points in favorability today post-debate.

Recognize the threat and sit the fuck down. I'm on your side. But we all need to recognize what is or isn't working in politics. JD Vance's performance worked. That's the face of our political opponents, and it's a solid working strategy.

Don't be blinded by short term Trump issues. JD Vance is the longer term threat now, even if Trump loses we have many decades of JD Vance ahead of us, especially with his performance last night.

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world 0 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago)

You didn't even read the article.

A flash poll conducted by CNN and SSRS after the debate among 574 registered voters who watched the showdown found that 51 percent of respondents said that Vance came out on top, compared to 49 percent who said the same of Walz. The margin of error was +/- 5.3 points.

A CBS News flash poll performed in conjunction with YouGov also showed Vance winning by a slim margin, with 42 percent of 1,630 respondents saying they thought the Ohio senator won the debate, to Walz's 41 percent. The margin of error was +/- 2.7 points. Seventeen percent of respondents said the debate was a draw.

What you, and your system of copera is doing, is muddying the waters and ignoring JD Vance performance.

Trump dies in a few years, he's a 78-year-old sickly man. JD Vance is the guy we will likely have to deal with the rest of our lives politically speaking. He's young and clearly taking charge of the ideology. This is a long term problem (even if Trump is the bigger problem).

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world -1 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (5 children)

Are you really denying the poll which has now been replicated on CNN and CBS instant polls?

JD Vance won the debate in every reputable flash poll I've read this morning. For fucks sake you dumbass, open your eyes and recognize the political challenge before us.

You'd rather muse on irrelevant technicalities than see the actual polls from the electorate. Small polls are in fact statistically sound btw if handled correctly, and the methodology of focusing on undecided voters is the key here. The election is close and we need every vote we can get to stop Trump, and you are blinding yourself to the truth of the situation.

[–] dragontamer@lemmy.world -2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (3 children)

Cope harder dumbass.

All the polls this morning are that JD Vance outperformed this thing.

Actually, don't cope. Turn on your fucking brain and see the threat for what it is. Pull your head out of your ass, strategize and make Kamala and Walz win in this upcoming election.

Lies about Walz performance last night do NOT help the cause.

More Americans like what JD Vance pulled last night on TV than you realize. That is the scope of the threat here.

 

I've preferred Pixel phones for the last few years but I've heard that Pixel 6/7 had 5G connection problems (Pixel 8 apparently has a better modem, but I think I'd rather stick to a Qualcomm design for now).

So onto looking for my next phone.

I haven't considered a Samsung smartphone in years because I hated their TouchWiz stuff. But apparently they got rid of that like 8 years ago and have had multiple versions of updates. Can anyone comment on how good "One UI" is compared to stock Android? How much bloatware does it feel like? And what kind of customizations did Samsung do to the UI exactly?

I'm also looking at Asus Zenfone 11, but I figure the "mainstream" choice today is Samsung, so I'll also have to seriously consider Samsung phones.

 

https://youtu.be/Dgd3A0dmw9E?si=OVDP874FlPrpaTRt&t=1007

ASL is well on its way with some of the best professional Starcraft players duking it out. Just a few days ago (yes, still an active pro-scene!!), this excellent Starcraft game happened.

I don't want to spoil it too much. The above timestamp should take you to the start of the match. Its a bit over 25-minutes long from that point (the 4-hours is for the entire pool / all the matches, not just this Mini vs Barracks match).

All the top-level micro you'd expect from 300+ APM players like Mini and Barracks, with some excellent strategic play ultimately leading to the most raw slugfest of an ending that could possibly happen in Starcraft.

 

cross-posted from: https://dubvee.org/post/861635

Not OC: Just found this on my old hard drive while grabbing some other stuff.

 

This meme gave me a laugh. Deserves a BestOf flag :-)

 

Hey everyone, as you all have noticed, I've slowed down on posting topics here.

My main problem is that my main search tool (search-lemmy.com) has seemingly disappeared, so I don't really know how to search Lemmy for good posts.

Lemmy's subscribed / all feeds leave much to be desired as well. So I don't think I've been finding as many posts deserving of a topic here from just the #1 votes or whatever.

Still, maybe we can discuss how we plan to find good posts and bring them to discussion here. Does anyone have good research methodologies they'd like to share with the peanut gallery?

 

  • Move 1: 1 point
  • Move 2: 1 point
  • Move 3: 4 points
  • Move 4: 4 points
  • Move 5: 1 point
  • Move 6: 1 point
  • Move 7: 4 points
  • Move 8: 1 point
  • Move 9: 4 points
  • Move 10: 6 points
  • Move 11: 7 points
  • Move: 12: 8 points
  • Move 13: 7 points
  • Move 14: 7 points
  • Move 15: 7 points
  • Move 16: 7 points
  • Move 17: 7 points
  • Endgame Bonus: 10 + 10 + 7 + 7 + 2 == 36 Endgame Bonus
  • Total Score: 113

Note that while this is "optimal" placements, it is not the best sequence in-game. For example, sequence 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are going backwards. I'm not sure how to rewrite my program to account for the top-down placements per round however. So there's still work to be done.

This was a relatively simple brute-force bot that exhaustively checked all possibilities for the best possible placement. So I'm pretty sure I've go the best placement here. Well, maybe it was more "Dynamic Programming". I worked backwards: I calculated all possible 17-placement endgames (there's only 1.081 million of them, aka 25-choose-17), and then back-calculated all possible moves back to move#1.

Then I calculate from move#1 forward, choosing the best endgame move now that all possible endgames have been searched. Chess-programming fans would know this as a "Tablebase" approach.


EDIT: Searching the ~60 million possible optimal games proved to be difficult, as my computer ran out of RAM at 2GB (ummm... I got a 32GB system here. WTF Windows?). I'm sure there was some compiler flag I messed up on.

But I did a few heuristics and came up with the following board:

This is a 17-placement across 5 rounds with as many placements on the "top" of the board that I could find with my program.


EDIT:

  • Optimal 11 Placement: 58 Points
  • Optimal 12 Placement: 63 Points
  • Optimal 13 Placement: 73 Points
  • Optimal 14 Placement: 82 Points
  • Optimal 15 Placement: 91 Points
  • Optimal 16 Placement: 99 Points
  • Optimal 17 Placement: 113 Points
  • Optimal 18 Placement: 123 Points
  • Optimal 19 Placement: 136 Points
  • Optimal 20 Placement: 147 Points
  • Optimal 21 Placement: 163 Points
  • Optimal 22 Placement: 174 Points
  • Optimal 23 Placement: 192 Points
  • Optimal 24 Placement: 211 Points
  • Optimal 25 Placement: 240 Points

 

I know that this instance is nominally in Finland, but as far as I know this is the most active Ukrainian-news on Lemmy. I'm expecting that a fair number of US Citizens are here.

Now is the time for action

On Friday of this week, Congress will enter recess as currently planned. If Ukrainian aid fails, USA's aid will not be ready until January at the earliest, and maybe later (February??).

Congress is scheduled in waves of discussion, where Representatives sit in Congress to discuss... as well as fly back home to hold town halls or other such activities. Recess periods are important (its not "just a vactation", Representatives tend to work hard even during a recess to meet with their constituents), but it does mean that no new funding will be approved during the recess.

Political summary

A bill must pass:

  1. The House of Representatives (Republicans)
  2. The Senate (Slim control by the Democrats)
  3. The President's signature (Joe Biden, a Democrat)

Before a bill becomes law. We need a new bill that provides new funding for Ukraine, or else we will no longer be legally allowed to give aid to Ukraine. This would be devastating for the Ukrainian cause.

Democrats are unified in their support. Joe Biden is the President and has huge support for Ukraine. The Senate is a 50-50 split, but the Vice President gets the tie-breaker vote.

The issue is the House. Republican Mike Johnson is the Speaker of the House, and Republicans control the House. Mike Johnson has tied Ukrainian aid to Border / Immigration stuff, meaning he will not discuss any Ukrainian-aid bill unless it provides substantial pro-Republican side border/immigration changes.

Find your Representative/Senator and contact them.

https://www.house.gov/representatives/find-your-representative

https://www.senate.gov/senators/senators-contact.htm

Use these webpages here. Find your Representative, and start emailing them, or maybe contact them through other social media to pressure them into providing Ukrainian support. Tell everyone you know: now is the time. We need to push this through. We cannot afford to have this Ukrainian aid get dropped. Not only this, but Ukrainian aid MUST pass before the recess, otherwise Ukrainian aid shipments will be halted.

Furthermore: they can delay the recess. Give your representatives options. If this can't be fixed by Thursday, then at least delay the recess, stay in Washington DC until the Ukrainian aid bill is passed.

I'm confident that all of our Representatives care enough to "eventually" support Ukraine. But that's not good enough. An interruption of aid over the next month would be incredibly harmful to the Ukrainians. We need to immediately call to action everyone politically. Contact your Representatives (and Senator for good measure) TODAY. We absolutely cannot let them go home for recess before Ukrainian aid is authorized.

If you aren't American, please help by spreading the word. Make sure all Americans you know recognize how important this week is for Ukrainian aid.


EDIT: I think here is a good start. Where else should we send this notice to? I'm not so keen on world@lemmy.world vs worldnews@lemmy.world. I think yall might have a better idea of who our big pro-Ukrainian lemmy-instances / communities are. Please discuss about where else we need to spread the word to.

 

I think I've covered the material needed for a beginner to analyze and choose microcontrollers. However, a beginner may not be comfortable with reading datasheets, or families of datasheets. As such, I'll help beginners through microcontroller families.

This skill where you can download a few spec-sheets, analyze them, and understand them is an absolutely necessary skill. There's hundreds of chips released every year from many manufacturers. And while practice with a specific chip is the only way to true expertise, there's still the "breadth" of knowledge that comes in handy when selecting chips.

In this guide, I'm going to deep dive into AVR EA, the newest 8-bit AVR microcontroller from Microchip. But with commentary to help beginners understand the "big picture", how to evaluate this line and compare/contrast with other lines of chips.

Why so many chips?

Beginners might be flabbergasted to learn that there are 1498 available AVR-chips for sale, despite only ever being made by Atmel/Microchip. Of these, 1298 chips are the 8-bit AVR with mostly the same assembly language since the early 00s.

AVR itself refers to the instruction set (https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/atmel-0856-avr-instruction-set-manual.pdf), the assembly language / machine code that makes up all of these chips. Development tools (compilers, linkers, IDEs) are built on top of this ISA and therefore cannot change very much in practice.

But many other features and specifications: the number of timers, 8-bit ADC vs 12-bit ADCs, DACs, UARTs, SPI, etc. etc. can and do shift on a regular basis. And ultimately, that's what leads to this chip proliferation. Its almost always possible to find a chip that does exactly what you want it to do, at the lowest price, at the lowest power-usage. So there's a lot of marketing and swapping of features to create a perfect chip for every application.

Microchip's AVR EA Family: (2nd) Newest 2023 era chip family

So lets get started at looking at the AVR EA. (Oh no, while I was writing the AVR EB was released and I'm too lazy to switch now... oh well...).

The webpage is a great starting point (https://www.microchip.com/en-us/products/microcontrollers-and-microprocessors/8-bit-mcus/avr-mcus/avr-ea ), but this only introduces the AVR EA family in general. We still have ... well...

All the other chips within the family. Now the main thing here is 28pin, 32-pin, and 48-pin pinouts... as well as 16kB, 32kB, and 64kB of Flash. Fortunately, the AVR Instruction set, and all the hardware (ex: Timer specifications, RTC, GPIO configurations, etc. etc.) are shared with recent chips (AVR EA shares very similar drivers with the AVR DD, AVR DA, and AVR DB chips released in the last 3 years).

The homepage contains the following line:

The AVR EA family of MCUs is a great option for closed-loop control system designs and secondary monitoring devices for safety reasons.

I agree with Microchip here, but how and why is this the case? What features from AVR EA make it ideal for this? Well, all in due time.

Curiosity Nano / Development Boards

All manufacturers create a "Development Environment" to help speed up experimentation with new chips. AVR EA is no exception, with the ~$25-ish AVR EA Curiosity Nano.

https://www.microchip.com/en-us/development-tool/ev66e56a

There is a USB programmer on board that works with MPLab and the legacy Atmel Studio IDEs, so you can easily develop from scratch (even without buying a special purpose programmer like Atmel ICE or building an AVRDude).

Microchip also releases schematics and PCB designs for these development boards. We can see that the AVR EA Curiosity Nano is a 4-layer board for example. All the relevant docs are in that area.

Chip Programmer

If you leave the prototyping stage and start making custom PCBs, you'll likely find a programmer useful for your later-stage prototypes on your custom boards.

https://www.microchip.com/en-us/development-tool/PG164100

MPLab Snap is the $35 lower-cost programmer from Microchip. I've never used this tool, I'm using a legacy "Atmel-ICE" (which used to be the $35 range, but it looks like MPLab Snap is replacing it). For Atmel-ICE, I've never had a problem just connecting over USB, running the wires to my board header and sending the code through. I'd expect MPLab Snap to be similarly easy.

Programming and Software

Atmel Studio (now Microchip Studio) is my preferred IDE, but it is considered legacy. Microchip Studio still is a free download and still work with AVR EA chips today (just tested with my Version4 of my Battery-tester project).

https://www.microchip.com/en-us/tools-resources/develop/microchip-studio

I've only ever used the free and open-source GCC compiler for AVR.

Microchip has been pushing hard for https://www.microchip.com/en-us/tools-resources/develop/mplab-x-ide , and I'd expect it to replace Microchip-Studio any day now. I do prefer the Visual-Studio based IDE though, but its hard to complain about free tools that work.

Microchip also sells their XC8 compiler, and there's other compilers like Keil or IAR. But professional compilers are $1000+, and likely outside the range of hobbyists / beginners who are just getting started. In either case, the $0 GCC compiler and toolchain exists and works with both the $0 Microchip Studio IDE and $0 MPLab X IDE. There is a free version of XC8 as well that is missing a few features, but should be usable-enough for beginners.

All of these tools provide the C-programming language (and maybe even C++ programming language), as well as linkers (combining .o object files together), the ability to create libraries, and a few libraries to help handle basic problems (Printf, atoi, etc. etc.).

Some people prefer Arduino software, I don't know much about it and have always preferred the low-level C stuff personally.

Can we talk about AVR EA yet?

Oh wow, yeah, I guess that's a lot of cruft beginners need to know before they get to the chip. Lets start talking about the chip now!

Digikey has thousands in stock across 66 SKUs. Larger quantities can be ordered directly from Microchip in 5000+ at-a-time quantities (though it can take some weeks for larger quantities to arrive). Both Digikey and Microchip offer the Curiosity Nano development board that I talked about earlier, and that might be a better place to get started than the raw chips.

But anyone thinking ahead to the custom-PCB phase of your project should see the SOIC, SSOP, TQFP, and VQFN packages of various sizes are all available. With some at extended temperature ranges as well.

https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/avr64ea32

The AVR64EA32 in TQFP was what I used for a most recent project. The 64kB Flash and 32-pin layout shares much in common with AVR DA, DB, DD, and older chips (very similar layout, size, pinout, and pcb-footprint), so I prefer using that over-and-over again in different projects of mine.

HTML Version: https://onlinedocs.microchip.com/oxy/GUID-838DDB25-4D69-4519-815B-A48DBACEED23-en-US-9/index.html

PDF Version: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/aemDocuments/documents/MCU08/ProductDocuments/DataSheets/AVR64EA-28-32-48-DataSheet-DS40002443.pdf

Entering the manual, we have 565 pages of documentation. This is pretty small for modern chips, and this is due to the relative simplicity of 8-bit chips. (Many 32-bit chips are closer to 2000+ pages long). There's no need to read every single page of the manual, but instead immediately bring your focus to the following pages.

The first pages are a 5ish page summary of all features. I'm not going through the entire list, but I want to draw attention to:

12-Bit ADCs are available on a lot of chips these days. But Differential and PGA are eyebrow raising. These are relatively rare features that are incredibly useful in the application of current-sensing. This suggests to me that the AVR EA is for reading current and reacting to current-changes (such as the 4-20 mA current loop protocol). This is absolutely the "killer feature" of the chip, and is the reason to pick AVR EA if you have any current-sensing use in your application.

Most chips have a "killer feature" like this somewhere. It could be very high memory (264kB on the RP2040), it could be incredibly accurate ADCs (RX23E-A), or whatever. Knowing and remembering that this AVR EA chip is extremely useful for this niche is something you'll have to keep in mind for all future projects, thinking of what the best chip for your project could be.

Next, you'll want to look at the port multiplexing.

Only some features are available on some pins. AVR chips are more flexible than most thanks to the Event-system (some outputs can go onto the event system and be routed arbitrarily), but outputs are often tied to just a limited number of pins. If you're making a PCB layout, you'll have to keep these pin-multiplex issues in mind.

From there, skip all the features and just read the Electrical Characteristics. Keep in mind your voltage-levels, the capabilities of pins, and any features of the hardware you're interested in.

Don't forget Application Notes

Going back to the AVR EA landing webpage leads to the documents section. Check it out.

If you're not experienced enough to see the "killer feature" of a particular chip, look at the App Notes. They likely suggest situations that the chip is good at. They're trying to sell you this chip after all, but these App Notes (despite being marketing / sales purposes) are still good technical information that will teach beginners how to think about projects.

In particular, https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/aemDocuments/documents/MCU08/ApplicationNotes/ApplicationNotes/AN4811-CurrMeasurem-BattMon-DS00004811.pdf

AN4811 is an AppNote covering how a 12-bit Differential ADC with 16x PGA (on the older ATtiny1627 chip, but still applicable to today's AVR EA) can be used as a battery monitoring / Coulomb counting application.

Honestly, I'd say that these Application Notes are the #1 source of information for beginners and intermediate engineers who need some hand-holding to learn how to use these chips (or chip features).

Thats it, I guess?

Well, I don't want to hold up everyone with an even longer article. But I think I've covered the crux of how to read a real world Microcontroller datasheet. There's hundreds of other pages in the datasheet and not enough time to cover it all, but I think I was able to at least cover the basics.

Would anyone be interested if I gave a rundown of my AVR EA Battery Tester project some time later?

 

As computer programmers, our code runs on a wide variety of machines. From 2TB of RAM dual-EPYC servers with 128+ cores/256 hardware threads, to tiny single-core Arduinos running at 4MHz and 4kB of RAM.

While hobbyists and programmers around the world have become enamored with Arduinos, ESP32, STM32 Pills, and Rasp. Pi SBCs... there's a noticeable gap in the typical hobbyist's repertoire that should be looked at more carefully. This gap is the entry-level MPU market, perhaps best represented by Microchip's SAM9x60, though STM's STM32MP1, NXP i.MX ULL, and TI's AM355x chips tightly compete in this space.

I hope to muse upon this category of processors, why its unpopular but... why maybe today, you should give it a closer look.

Impedance-controlled 6-layer PCBs USED to be too complex for a hobbyist... but they're accessible today

This section's title says it all. Typical MPUs require PCB complexity that... at least 10 years ago, was well beyond a hobbyist's means. In the 2010-era of the fledgling "Maker" movement, 2-layer PCBs were the most complex you could hope for. Not just from a manufacturing perspective, but also from a software perspective. EagleCAD just didn't support more layers, and no manufacturer catered to hobbyists to make anything more complex. Paying for $500 NRE fees each time you setup a board just wasn't good on a hobbyist's budget.

But today, OSHPark offers 6-layer boards (https://docs.oshpark.com/services/six-layer/) at reasonable prices, with tolerances specified for their dielectric (and therefore, impedance-controlled boards are a thing). Furthermore, KiCAD 7+ is more than usable today, meaning we have free OSS software that can lay out delay-matched PCB traces, with online libraries like UltraLibrarian, offering KiCAD Footprints and Symbols sponsored by Microchip/Ti/etc. etc. There's also DKRed's 4-layer service, JLCPCB's services from China and plenty of competitors around the world that can take your 6-layer+ gerbers and give you a good board.

We live in a new era where hobbyists have access to far more complexity and can feasibly build a bigger electronics project than you ever dreamed before.

The classic team: Arduino and Rasp. Pi....

Arduino and Rasp. Pi stick together like peanut butter and jelly. They're a barbell strategy providing the user with a low-cost, cheap, easy-to-customize chip (ATMega328p and other Arduino-level chips) operating at single-digit mW of power... with a large suite of analog-sensors and low latency and simplicity.

While Rasp. Pi offers Linux-level compute solutions, "grown up" C++ programs, Python, server-level compute. Albeit at the 6W (for Rasp. Pi 4) or beyond, so pushing the laptop-level power consumption. But... that gives us a good team that handles a lot of problems cheaply and effectively.

Or... is it? This barbell strategy is popular for good reasons from a problem-solving perspective, but as soon as any power and/or energy constraint comes up, its hopelessly defeated. Intermediate devices, such as the ESP32 have popped up as a "more powerful Arduino", so to speak, providing more services (WiFi / Bluetooth, RAM and compute-power) than an Arduino can deliver, but is still far less than what Rasp. Pi programmers are used to.

What does a typical programmer want?

SAM9x60: ARMv5 at 600MHz, 128MB DDR2, Linux 6.1.x, dual-Ethernet 10/100, USB in 28mm x 28mm

When Rasp. Pi launched a bit over 10 years ago with 256 MB and a 700MHz processor and full Linux support, it set off a wave of hobbyists to experiment with the platform. Unfortunately, Rasp. Pi has left this "tier" of compute power, chasing the impossible dream of competing with Laptops / Desktops. IMO, the original Rasp. Pi 1 hit a niche and should have stuck with that platform.

This SAM9x60D1G-I/LZB SOM module is a mouthful to say. But at 28mm x 28mm its roughly the same size as a US Quarter. But... at $60 it sounds like a bad value. Okay, it is a bad value, but stick with me here, this represents far more than you might think.

SAM9x60 chip is fully open source, and fully documented at https://linux4sam.org. You get a full builtroot environment, a fully documented stage1, stage2, and stage3 (UBoot) bootloader. You get all 2000+ pages of documentation. You get PCB layouts, you get fully open source Linux drivers and kernel modules. You get the full "make" available from Microchip's github. The openness to this chip is insane, especially if you're used to Rasp. Pi.

And perhaps most importantly: SAM9x60's reference design fits on 4-layer boards. (This is an INCREDIBLE feat of engineering. Microchip has spent a lot of effort simplifying this 233-BGA chip and trying to get it onto the simplest means possible). Note however, that I'd personally only be comfortable with a 6-layer design here. (SAM9x60's reference design is signal/ground/power/signal stackup, which is frowned upon by modern PCB theory. signal/ground/power/signal/ground/signal would be a superior stackup... and 6-layers is cheap/available today anyway, so might as well go for 6-layers). In any case, the 4-layer demonstration reference board (https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/Appnotes/AN_3310_Connecting-SDR-and-DDR-Memories-to-SAM9X60_00003310a.pdf) is far more documentation and discussion than you'd ever hope to be released by the Rasp. Pi group. The openness to this platform is like night-and-day.

While the SOM completed module is costly, truth be told it "represents" the platform and is likely not intended for mass usage. The true benefits to SAM9x60 (and other entry-level MPUs) is that all the chips are readily available at fair prices, and can be custom-assembled to your needs. At $8 per SAM9x60 and at $3 to $5 for 128MB DDR2 (depending on vendor), and at $3 to $5 for the power-chip, you'll get a minimal booting Linux box with a fully custom PCB design doing whatever you want... with a fully customized motherboard / PCB doing whatever you want.

Another Devboard: https://www.microchip.com/content/dam/mchp/documents/MPU32/ProductDocuments/UserGuides/SAM9X60-Curiosity-User%27s-Guide-DS60001783.pdf

4-layer design again, though this time using the SiP module (on-board DDR2 to minimize the need to run impedance / delay-matched lines all over the place). This devboard costs $130, but the openness is likely well worth the costs. Its truly a design you can build on top of and customize yourself.

Cool... but why would I need this?

Well, to tell you the truth... I don't know yet. Power-constraints are the obvious benefit to running with these chips (SAM9x60 + LPDDR RAM will use 1/10th the power of a Rasp-Pi4, while still delivering a full Linux environment). But beyond that I'm still thinking in the abstract here.

I'm mostly writing this post because I've suddenly realized that a full custom MPU comparable to first-generation Rasp. Pi is doable by a modern hobbyist. Albeit a well studied hobbyist comfortable with trace-matched impedance controlled transmission line theory on PCBs, but I took those college-classes for a reason damn it and maybe I can actually do this.

Its a niche that 10 years ago was unthinkable for hobbyists to cheaply make their own SBCs from scratch. But today, not only is it possible, but there's 4 or 5 different vendors (Microchip's SAM9x60, TI's AM355x, STM32's STM32MP1, etc. etc.) that are catering to hobbyists with full documentation, BSPs and more. We're no longer constrained to the designs that Rasp. Pi decides to release, we can have those 2x Ethernet ports we've always wanted for example (for... some reason), or build a bare-metal OS free design using only 8MB of SRAM, or use LPDDR2 low-power RAM and build a battery-operated portable device.

Full customization costs money. Whatever hobby project we do with this will cost far more than a RP4 or even RP5's base price. But... full custom means we can build new solutions that never existed before. And the possibilities intrigue me. Full control over the full motherboard means we have absolute assurances of our power-constraints, our size, the capabilities, supporting chips and other decisions. Do you want LoRA (long-range radio?). Bam, just a module.

And you might be surprised at how much cheaper this is today than its ever been before.

Conclusion

Thanks for hearing my rant today.

This form factor is really intriguing to me and I'll definitely be studying it moving forward as a hobby. Hopefully I've manage to inspire someone else out there!

And... yall are just going to make a quadcopter with this, aren't ya? Sigh... well... drones are popular these days for good reasons...

 

Ian Cutress muses upon rumors around SiFive, the forerunner of high-performance RISC-V cores.

 

Thanks to the 15mm x 15mm ATSAMA5D27 package from Microchip, this company created a 20mm x 20mm Linux computer roughly the size of a coin.

Small computers have been getting posted over at Hacker News, so I figured I'd share this one here in !technology.

 

Elon Musk secretly ordered his engineers to turn off his company’s Starlink satellite communications network near the Crimean coast last year to disrupt a Ukrainian sneak attack on the Russian naval fleet, according to an excerpt adapted from Walter Isaacson’s new biography of the eccentric billionaire titled “Elon Musk.”

As Ukrainian submarine drones strapped with explosives approached the Russian fleet, they “lost connectivity and washed ashore harmlessly,” Isaacson writes.

So Elon Musk has personally interfered with the Ukrainian war effort. Definitely concerning, especially since the USA mistakenly provided so many Starlink terminals to Ukraine.

Ideally, we get the Ukrainians off of Starlink and onto a platform that is truly trustworthy. But it seems like we have some discussions with regards to the newfound pro-Russian asshole billionaire.

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