Python

I think the biggest thing is, instead of learning for learning's sake, they should decide on a simple project they want to make (choose your own adventure games would likely be a good choice) and then just learn enough to make a bare-bones version of that.

Like, I would recommend learning basic string handling, input, print, and maybe variables if you want to track Strength or HasWeapon or things like that. Then, once they're familiar with that, they can add features by learning more about the language as necessary.

Even for me, a 30-something, watching YT tutorials is boring if it's not specifically addressing a problem in facing on a project I care about.

https://www.hedycode.com/ might be exactly what you are looking for. It's designed to teach python to children by starting with a super simplified version of the language, and then gradually adding in syntax and features until it's full python. Here's a great talk by its creator: https://youtu.be/fmF7HpU_-9k?si=pa7jkOELQ5X7xeuu

If you can find a local team, Lego robotics competitions are a great thing: https://www.firstinspires.org/robotics/fll/game-and-season

My local team codes in Python. Not necessarily the greatest thing for learning to code properly, but the engineering experience is invaluable IMO.

A former professor of mine is developing a game called "Joy of programming". It's basically a UE5 simulation that has some scenarios that you need to solve by writing python. It'll be part of the upcoming steam next fest in october, so you can give it a shot there.

A 10 year old won't be able to do it alone, but I think the first few levels are great with a bit of supervision.

Harvard has its CS50 lectures online for free. Can't hurt.

I don’t have anything to add, but I’ve got to say thanks for posting this. There’s so much good info in this thread and I can’t wait to dig into it with my kids. Cheers everyone

If he likes games, check out "Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python": https://inventwithpython.com/invent4thed/

I can find no use for the turtle module, but it might be mighty interesting for a younger mind.