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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Depends on your goals but right now AMD is eating high end thin and lights for dinner. Their new APUs are more powerful, more efficient, and have better graphics than anything from Intel.
But Intel is also still good and very available with more choices and lower cost due to the higher demand for AMD.
Both are great Linux choices, but ARM/Apple are currently not great for desktop.
AMD has better hardware support because they are more active in contributing than intel. Also, they have overtaken intel in terms of efficiency (price per watt, price per Hz)
But AMD doesn't update the microcode of their CPUs
Yes, very rare and very few cpu up to date, almost none of them
show that "very few cpu up to date"
see for instance the microcode for family 19, the Zen3, Zen4 family, the microcode update is:
Microcode patches in microcode_amd_fam19h.bin: Family=0x19 Model=0x11 Stepping=0x01: Patch=0x0a10113e Length=5568 bytes Family=0x19 Model=0x11 Stepping=0x02: Patch=0x0a10123e Length=5568 bytes Family=0x19 Model=0xa0 Stepping=0x02: Patch=0x0aa00212 Length=5568 bytes Family=0x19 Model=0x01 Stepping=0x01: Patch=0x0a0011d1 Length=5568 bytes Family=0x19 Model=0x01 Stepping=0x00: Patch=0x0a001079 Length=5568 bytes Family=0x19 Model=0x01 Stepping=0x02: Patch=0x0a001234 Length=5568 bytes Family=0x19 Model=0xa0 Stepping=0x01: Patch=0x0aa00116 Length=5568 bytes
There is only update for 7 CPUs, compare this to the number of CPU they have in this family:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_Ryzen_processors
I have a 5600H, family 0x19 and model 0x50, no update, as well as dozens of others AMD cpu.
The last update for Zen 3, Zen 3+, Zen 4 was 08/08/2023 and the last update for Zen, Zen+, Zen 2 was 19/07/2023.
For reference, Intel also last updated theirs 08/08/2023.
Yes you can argue that we don't explicitly know what CPUs in those families were updated, but I don't really care.
We know, here's the list, it's pretty poor, AMD don't release often its microcode, and when they do it's only for a few select CPUs
https://salsa.debian.org/hmh/amd64-microcode/-/blob/main/amd-ucode/README
If you are lucky, someone will extract its microcode from his BIOS and put it there:
Intel or AMD for the CPU, but AMD for the GPU if you need any graphical capabilities. AMD GPU's are pretty solid as well. There's definitely more choices available with Intel CPU's but if you can find a good AMD chip then go for it.
I've always been an AMD fan and used those in my desktops, but for laptops it's been harder to find something that pushes all the buttons for me.
On the flip side, if 3D graphics performance is not a priority then Intel graphics is incredibly well supported and is probably the most consistently reliable and bug-free graphics option.
Except for some stuff on the Atom processors, yup. Generally Intel's video hardware has worked very reliably, if not powerfully. Their network cards (wireless and wired) also tend to be well-supported and perform well.
Plus, if you're planning on using Wayland with any wlroots compositor, Nvidia is essentially a non-starter.
AMD has served me well since I've started actively using Linux.
I have a Lenovo ThinkPad T430 that is by now almost 10 years old, it runs perfectly on Linux and is a fantastic choice even today. It's built like a tank and that Intel i5 powering it is immortal. DDR3 RAM is dirt cheap now and it takes up to 16Gb, you can swap its HDD to a SATA SSD (if not done already) and batteries for it are still cheap and plentiful.
If you're looking for something affordable for product dev, I can't think of a better choice for $200-$300
https://www.lenovo.com/lt/lt/laptops/thinkpad/t-series/t430/
They really built this one right, they don't make them like this anymore.
And if you go just slightly older on Thinkpads, you get real keys.
you can get real keys by putting the t420 ones on the t430
I have a T440p, and it's worth noting that on many of these Thinkpads, not only can you replace the HDD with an SSD, but you can also install a 2nd or 3rd drive.
You can get a replacement tray that allows an SSD in the optical bay. You can also install a small cache drive in the m.2 port under the keyboard (again, only with certain ones -- T440p has it).
Best bang for your buck, AMD 100%. Im not really a Laptop person, but I suggest going to a Pawn Shop. They sell laptops cheap as F, as they are always overloaded with them...
Doesn't really matter between brands across OSes at this point. AMD offers better performance per dollar though
I've never used AMD, but folks I know have had good experiences with both; support is about equal. You probably don't need to go for a top-tier device, and if you're running VMs and containers you should be just as concerned about RAM and disk space as CPU
CPU brand choice doesn't really matter a lot.
In general, I'd say go with AMD if you can afford it, but otherwise Intel is fine. Intel has caught up slightly the past couple of years, but AMD APUs are still at the top in terms of what you get for the money. If you can't get an AMD laptop because of low stock/price or see an Intel laptop with more features you like, just go for that instead. I have an Intel laptop and the CPU worked fine on Linux (running Windows right now since driver support for other parts of the laptop like speakers and the display were a little shoddy because of how new it was).
I don't know if this still remains true (if not, please correct me), but AMD will be marginally better for productivity and programming because of the multi core performance. They are also slightly more efficient than Intel in terms of power usage, although I'm sure any laptop besides a gaming laptop will give you solid battery life in 2023.
Important thing to note, when using AMD, you'll probably need an additional amd_pstate parameter for better power management.
Sources:
I'd say go for AMD because their APUs are excellent, but they will be expensive. You can find used/refurbished ThinkPads in really good condition for very cheap (~$200, see this thread where I learned about this), and most (all?) of them have Intel CPUs.
Anyway, right now Linux works perfectly well on both of them*.
*: If the kernel version is greater than 5.19.9 (issue first appeared with the 5.19.10) and less than 6.4, you'll likely have an annoying keyboard issue with Linux on new AMD Ryzen laptops, as typing will be extremely slow. That has been corrected now and with an up-to-date kernel you shouldn't have any keyboard issues on an AMD laptop.
Neither one of them have any particular Linux specific problems. Just get whatever suits your needs best.
I wonder the same, some time ago but for different reasons. If I have to buy a gaming laptop, what should I choose? Intel CPU and Nvidia was my best friend on Windows, but on Linux I'm totally unsure. I think AMD does a better job for gaming under Linux, but I have absolutely no idea if that's true.
I never ever had even the slightest issue with any Intel chips or hardware. With AMD on the other hand I always had problems from slow performance to unreliable functionality to straight up not working devices.
It’s easier to find Intel NICs/WNICs in Intel based laptops, and it’s easier to find refurbished Intel laptops.
Also, check and see if the laptop is supported by LVFS.
If it's not Nvidia, it's good... Both Intel and AMD should work nicely.