this post was submitted on 10 Jul 2023
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Give testdisk a go, see for example this tutorial. It is a terminal utility, so it might take some time to get used to it. But no one can guarantee that it will successfully recover anything, the deleted files stay on the disk only as long as they are not overwritten.
Do you have any idea why the files disappeared after reboot? One thing that comes to mind is that they might have been saved in /tmp, in that case I believe recovery would not be possible.
Regarding to which files you should recover, try all of them and see if you have any luck.
Good luck with recovering the files!
I highly recommend testdisk, but definitely shut down the machine and use another disk (USB drive?) To boot and avoid mounting the disk that may have your files at all. mount read only if you have to. Save the recovered files to a different drive as well, which can be the same USB drive you're using for recovery. If testdisk doesn't show the files (in my experience, for drives that have significant free space they will almost certainly be there) you could try photorec, the companion app that does signature based file searches.
I suspect the files were actually in a timeshift snapshot, so when those files were deleted, so were the files.
I'll give your links a thorough read, thanks!
From my understanding, files cannot be directly stored only in a timeshift snapshot -- they must be first stored on the disk and only then timeshift can make a backup inside the snapshot. But I have never used timeshift myself, maybe I just completely misunderstand how it works.
Deleting the snapshot files lost considerable data including all files created after the aborted snapshot. The reboot that initially uncovered the problem led to a boot in "basic" xfce, and searching for the work files in read only mode from live boot shows no files/folders created in /home/username after the snapshot. It seems to have behaved like a VMware snapshot that had files living in the snapshot.