NEW YORK—The Biden administration is concerned that the Ukrainian leader’s plan for winning the war against Russia lacks a comprehensive strategy and is little more than a repackaged request for more weapons and the lifting of restrictions on long-range missiles, U.S. officials said.

For months, President Volodymyr Zelensky billed the plan as a framework to defeat Russia, and he is set to brief President Biden on the specifics Thursday during a high-profile White House meeting, the first time the Biden administration will get to hear the framework in its en