this post was submitted on 26 Sep 2022
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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aptis the tool for downloading packages. So if you don't have internet accessaptwon't be very useful.The command to install packages on debian is
dpkg. So if you download a Debian package (usually named*.deb) you can install it withdpkg -i $pkgas long as you have the dependencies installed. Of course you can also install the dependencies this way, so just make sure that you bring the package and all packages that it depends on to the target machine.Thanks. How do I download a package with apt? So that I can get it to the other computer?
On a computer that is online, you can say
apt install --download-only footo download (and not actually install) the .deb files forfooand its dependencies to the directory/var/cache/apt/archives/. You can then copy them from the online computer to the offline computer, and install them withdpkg -i *deb(assuming the debs are in your current working directory). Note however thatapton the online computer will only download dependencies which aren't already installed. To force re-downloading of a specific package which is already installed, you can sayapt install --reinstall --download-only foo.Instead of downloading with
apt install --download-onlyyou could also find the download paths for individual .deb packages using https://packages.debian.org/foo and then download them using a browser.You could also copy the contents of
/var/lib/apt/lists/(after runningapt update) and the contents of/var/cache/apt/archives/both to the corresponding locations on the offline computer and, if yoursources.listfiles have the same entries, then you can offline install the things you've put in the cache folder usingaptinstead ofdpkg.Or, if you have lots of disk space, you can create an offline mirror of all (or some) of debian and point your
sources.listfile at a localfile:///source and then you can useaptlike normal but completely offline.I used to do this many years back with a USB stick before I had Internet access at home. I think it was only the sources.list file that I needed to copy around along with a config file and the actual .deb files. It was possible to use apt-get on the offline machine instead of dpkg which worked better.
you can find ubuntu packages at https://launchpad.net/ for download
and all the packages those secondary packages require, back in the old days we called it Dependency Hell
Yes, you need to download all transitive dependencies.
But this isn't dependency hell, it is just tedious. Dependency Hell is when your dependency tree requires two (or more) version of a single package so that not all of the dependencies can be satisfied.
Isn't apt install ***.deb an alias for dpkg -i ? (Not on my computer so cannot check)
I don't remember that working but I haven't used Debian in years so it could be.