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SSL certs is so easy with let's encrypt, that really shouldn't be a blocker.
If you want something easy I think you have your answer with Signal
I know, but for some reason my router does not let me access my domain (with duckdns) when connected to my network. So even if I get certs for the domain, I will not be able to access it. I have set up local DNS entries (with Pi-Hole) to point to my srrver, but I don't know if it possible to get certs for that, since it is not a real domain.
EDIT: Fixed it. (See reply for fix)
So long as your certs are for your fully qualified domain there's no problem. I do this, as do many people
mydoman.com is fully qualified, but on my own network I override the DNS to the local address. Not a problem at all
DNS is tied to the hostname, not the IP.
Can confirm, I do this as well for my local services (especially important for Jellyfin), I just point my local DNS server at my local IP and everything works perfectly.
Another fun trick you can play is to use a private IP on your public DNS records. This is useful for Jellyfin on Chromecast for instance
it uses 8.8.8.8 for DNS lookup (and ignores your router settings), so it wants a fully qualified domain name. But it has no problem accessing local hosts, so long as it's from 8.8.8.8's record.
I suppose, but then you're kind of screwed if you want to access Jellyfin outside of your network. I suppose you could use a VPN, but it's probably easier to just not use the Chromecast (or just accept that it's going to hit the WAN regardless).
Yeah I don't expose Jellyfin over the Internet, so it doesn't matter for me, and wouldn't work at all over WAN (unless VPN'd to home network).
Also, it's all reverse proxied, and there's nothing preventing having two Jellyfin hostnames, e.g., jf-local.mydomain.com and jf-public.mydomain.com.
Then you're all clear.
I personally want my Jellyfin to be on the WAN, and I have certain devices on my internal network VPN'd to my VPS, which exposes the services I want to access remotely. But if you don't need that, using the local addr in your DNS config totally works. Getting TLS certs will be complicated, but you don't need that anyway if everything is local or over a VPN.
I just use Let's Encrypt with a wildcard domain
same certs for public and private facing domains. I'm sure this isn't best practice, but it's mostly just for me so I'm not too worried :)
Are you using a *.duckdns.com domain or is that only for Dynamic DNS pointed to something like jelly.domain.com? I'm not sure if you'll be able to get a cert in the former scenario.
Your router won't let you access it because you're trying to connect from your internal network to your external network, so you're just connecting in a loop and not getting routed properly. This could work if you had a firewall that would let you set up a loopback NAT, but my guess is your router won't let you setup NAT rules like that.
You won't be able to get a certificate using a local domain from a public certificate authority (like Let's Encrypt). You would want to define the FQDN you want to use, like jelly.domain.com, and generate the certificate for this domain. You can do this manually with certbot and import the certificate to jellyfin, or put jellyfin behind a reverse proxy like Caddy or Nginx and let it handle automatic renewal for you.
The local DNS entries would then redirect internal requests for jelly.domain.com to your local server, which presents the same certificate for jelly.domain.com regardless of whether you're accessing it via the private or public IP.
A bonus of using something like Caddy is being able to open a single port on your router for every service. I have multiple services all accessed via the same port, and Caddy just reads the requested subdomain (jelly.domain.com, nextcloud.domain.com, etc) to route the traffic to the corresponding local server. This lets it handle every cert for all services with no manual steps needed for any of them after the initial setup, and reduces your attack surface by only having one port open.
Why not use a different DDNS service? There are plenty out there. :) I think this may solve your issue. I've been using freemyip.com''s for a while and have had no problem in the past issusing LetsEncrypt SSL's. At the moment, I'm on Cloudflare tunnels so it's automatic with them, which I know is a huge trust issue for a lot of people, but I don't mind it for my stuff. But I do like to have my DDNS as a backup service from time to time.
I managed to fix this problem by pointing my domain name to my private IP address (with pihole's local DNS entries), so I could access it. Then, I just got certs for the domain and applied them with nginx.