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One obvious reason the author doesn't explore is that neither Wales nor Scotland has ever experienced mass immigration nor profound demographic changes in their population.
Scotland remains 92.87% white (2022), Wales 94.2% (2021), compared to England at 81% (2021).
In Scotland, 2.2% identity as Muslim, 0.4% as Hindu, 0.1% as Jewish.
In England, 6.7% identify as Muslim, 1.8% as Hindu, 0.5% as Jewish.
Scotland and Wales are therefore much more homogenous as populations. They're whiter, less religious, and from similar backgrounds. They're not as diverse as England is and therefore don't have the challenges of community cohesion and social solidarity that England does.
It therefore doesn’t have the levels of intra- and inter-communal diversity which can provoke the kinds of tensions we've seen playing out in the streets of England over recent years, whether in Hindutva-Muslim ethnoreligious violence in Leicester or these anti-Islam and racist riots in recent weeks.
Scotland's sense of its national identity has also not been challenged to the same extent as in England. Nor has a patriotic attitude towards Scottishness been derided as hateful, bigoted or xenophobic, as it has in England. (This sometimes leads to highly funny events, though, like when ScotNats try to claim they were victims of the British Empire.)
Racism is mostly unrelated to actual immigration. In Germany the east has comparable immigration percentages to Scotland but leads the nation in fascist poll numbers by a huge margin. Economic factors are orders of magnitude more important
Economic factors don't correlate either. It's tied directly to mentions in the media.
The least they see different people the more they fear them.
Yeah if they would meet more immigrants in person and not only in the fear mongering of social media or the right wing press there would be less racism.
Even just brits who came from immigration generations ago it would help
Glasgow is only 78% white and more diverse than many of the towns that rioted.
It also takes on more asylum seekers than any other council, and Scotland as a whole takes on more refugees per capita.
"However, across the whole of the UK, only 1,960 refugees were brought to Britain through the scheme during 2020 and 2021 – meaning Scotland’s share totalled 13 per cent, well above the population share of 8.15 per cent."
https://www.gov.scot/publications/universal-periodic-review-2022-scottish-government-position-statement/pages/14/#:~:text=As%20of%2011%20July%202022,the%20Scottish%20super%20sponsor%20scheme.
"As of 11 July 2022 a total of 21,256 visas have been issued naming a Scottish sponsor – more than 20% of the UK total, and the highest number per head of population in the UK. Scotland is currently providing sanctuary for over 7,000 people, two-thirds of whom applied under the Scottish super sponsor scheme. This exceeds the 3,000 the Scottish Government committed to welcome when the scheme launched in March."