the etymology of “blacklist,” for example, has no relation to race whatsoever

What happens is that the term "black" takes on negative connotations in a million different ways. "Blacklist" being one example. It may have no overt connection to race, but it gains it through repeated use in different contexts. Your brain doesn't necessarily encode the different contexts in separate ways. You may be able to think it through at a high level of rationality in a debate, but not when you're out on the street going about your day.

The solution may not be to change the language, though. There are too many longstanding cultural associations with black = evil, and there's just no way to get rid of them all.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-bad-is-black-effect/

"Although psychologists have known for a long time that people associate dark skin with negative personality traits, this research shows that the reverse is also true: when we hear about an evil act, we are more likely to believe it was done by someone with darker skin. This “bad is black” effect may have its roots in our deep-seated human tendency to associate darkness with wickedness. Across time and cultures, we tend to portray villains as more likely to be active during nighttime and to don black clothing. Similarly, our heroes are often associated with daytime and lighter colors. These mental associations between color and morality may negatively bias us against people with darker skin tones. If this is true, it has far-reaching implications for our justice system. For example, eye witnesses to crimes may be more likely to falsely identify suspects who possess darker skin."

"Overall, the “bad is black” effect only underscores the importance of finding ways to combat the various ways that our inherent biases can influence perceptions of guilt and innocence. Understanding the extent of these biases, as well as what may be causing them, represents an important first step."