It's definitely predicated on some presence of violent conflict. The whole act of war framing has been made really squishy post WW2. Yemen also isn't mincing words about it, this is because they consider Israel to be a belligerent in an armed conflict that they have chosen to participate in as an ally of Palestinian people. Since so much of the world doesn't recognize Palestine as a nation-state, definitions get even harder here.

Enjoy the reading.