Selfhosted
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Based on the hardware you have I would go with ZFS (using TrueNAS would probably be easiest). Generally with such large disks I would suggest using at least 2 parity disks, but seeing as you only have 4 that means you would lose half your storage to be able to survive 2 disk failures. Reason for the (at least) 2 parity disks is (especially with identical disks) the risk of failure during a rebuild after one failure is pretty high since there is so much data to rebuild and write to your new disk (like, it will probably take more than a day).
Can't talk much about backup as I just have very little data that I care enough about to backup, and just throw that into cloud object storage as well as onto my local high-reliability storage.
I have tried many different solutions, so will give you a quick overview of my experiences, thoughts, and things I have heard/seen:
Single Machine
Do this unless you have to scale beyond one machine
ZFS (on TrueNAS)
MDADM
BTRFS
UnRaid
Raid card
JBOD
Multi-machine
Ceph
SeaweedFS
Tahoe LAFS
MooseFS/LizardFS
Gluster
Kubernetes-native
Consider these if you're using k8s. You can use any of the single-machine options (or most of the multi-machine options) and find a way to use them in k8s (natively for gluster and some others, or via NFS). I had a lot of luck just using NFS from my TrueNAS storage server in my k8s cluster.
Rook
Longhorn
OpenEBS
Wow this is an amazing explanation! I've been starting to lean towards UnRAID but I didn't realize their fault tolerance wasn't as vetted as my cohorts believe. I've been taking a painful option to keep an lvm on ubuntu for my drives, but I'm trying to get out of my mistake and build something for offsite so I can feel comfortable with redoing it all.